Cocoa farming (Theobroma cacao L.) was introduced in the State of Bahia, Brazil, in 1746 and was disseminated especially in its southeastern region. This research identified the main cocoa farming methods adopted in that region over time, highlighting its practices, aspects of their historical...
Cooperative organizations serves as an effective rural community development vehicle by their nature they build economic self reliance and civil society. The paper examined the historical development of cooperative organizations that is how friendly societies emerged among working class group to...
This study of the logistics chain for cocoa and nutmeg exports from Grenada is designed to build a link between the study and improvement of agriculture and that of logistics for agricultural exports, and complements the Grenada Small Farmer Vulnerability Reduction project. The overall objective...
This study conducted in the Island of Sulawesi, precisely in the province of West and South Sulawesi, Indonesia. The purposes is to (i), determine the development pattern of social innovation and in the government innovation in cocoa farming among ethnics of Javanese, Buginese and Mandar in the...
The study sought among other things to examine the detailed map of Ghana’s cocoa value chain (GCVC), the major constraints and opportunities to growth and expansion of GCVC, and proposes strategies to at least mitigate the identified constraints. Questionnaires were used to collect primary data...
Ecuador is one of the world’s leading providers of fine and aromatic cocoa, yet most of Ecuadorian small scale cocoa producers are poor. This is mostly considered to be caused by low agricultural output. This thesis examines a number of additional explanatory facts, with a focus on farm gate...
Few studies have examined the implementation and evolution development of a contract as a learning process for the actors involved. Individual farmers in São Tomé were obliged to organize themselves into a collective in response to a chocolate manufacturer’s innovative proposal of an organic...
This PhD study provides a detailed description and analysis of upgrading opportunities for small-scale cocoa farmers in Ghana. It shows how and why producers do, or do not, benefit from being inserted in a global value chain that is increasingly driven by multinational cocoa processors and...
What does it mean for a country like the Dominican Republic to have 20,000 small producers associated in fair trade organizations? What role should these organizations play in the current national scene, where discussions of different legislation bills are taking place, such as the “National...