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Academic publications | farmer income
In this book, the impact of the internal structure of export markets and the level of competition on poverty and welfare in remote rural areas in Africa is examined for export crops such as coffee, cotton, cocoa, and tobacco. For many African countries, these crops, which are typically produced...
This study uses the case of cocoa in Ghana to analyse how governance in international cocoa chains - driven by a combination of concentration, sustainability standards and uncertainty in global sourcing - combines or contrasts with (i) interventions and regulations by the state at the national...
Indonesia is the third largest greenhouse gas emitter worldwide due to land use change and deforestation. On the island of Sulawesi in the vicinity of the Lore Lindu National Park (LLNP), many smallholders contribute to conversion processes at the forest margin as a result of the expansion of...
Qualitative interviews with participants in the cocoa (Theobroma cacao) supply chain in Costa Rica and the United States were conducted and supplemented with an analysis of the marketing literature to examine the prospects of organic and Fairtrade certification for enhancing environmentally and...
The productivity of all species in 39 cacao agroforestry systems (AFS) of Ngöbe-Buglé indigenous communities in Bocas del Toro, Panama, was determined. Annual Net Cash Flow (NCF) and Family Benefit (FB) were calculated. Bocatorean cacao AFS include 139 planted and naturally occurring species,...
This paper assesses the impact of a national spraying exercise in 2001 by the Ghana government to control the spread of the black pod disease and cocoa pests, free of charge, with the aim of increasing yield. Nine years after implementing the project under CODAPEC, Ghana has seen an upsurge in...
The author of this paper argues that the price incentive to smuggle can explain as much as one-half of the observed decline in official output from cocoa from the early 1960s to the mid-1980s. And, although it recovered in the 1990s, it is still below peak levels. The analyis is supported by a...
Cocoa is an economic crop which contributes immensely to the gross domestic product of the nation and increases the socio-economic status of farmers. However the way in which cocoa farmers deal with communal conflicts often lead to destruction of life and properties in Core Conflict Areas (CCA...
This report is one in the Policy Research Working Paper Series published in 2002. It outlines a theory of the benefit from commodity insurance, under a fixed production structure, and a methodology for empirical assessment of this benefit. The theory developed isapplied to Ghana with cocoa being...
This paper analyzes the cocoa marketing and pricing policies in Ivory Coast. It looks into the cost of marketing, prices received by the farmers, and examines the producer price stabilization benefits. The authors also analyze the net benefits from a publicly run system of export sales based on...
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