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Practical publications | social policies

Cocoa has been a major source of income for many Nigerians and a major source of foreign exchange earnings for the country. However its production has been experiencing a declining trend in recent times. Many factors have been implicated. One major factor is changes in climate variables. This...

The problem posed to the cocoa sector by gender inequality in Côte d’Ivoire is twofold: First, since women perform 45% of the work on cocoa farms, it is inefficient from an economic standpoint not to view them as farmers and to fail to facilitate their participation in training and their access...

The use of children on cocoa farms in West Africa has received extensive attention over the last few decades due to media coverage in the international press and growing pressure from international organizations such as the International Labor Organization. Based on 2007 cocoa sector survey, the...

This manual, Rooting out child labour from cocoa farms, A manual for education practitioners: Ghana, is specifically aimed at helping education professionals address the special needs of current and potential child labourers in order to encourage them to stay in school and complete their
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To achieve a more sustainable world cocoa economy the industry needs to start taking more focused action as soon as possible. Data on the current situation needs to be collected, publicly reported, activities towards sustainability goals need to be developed and the resulting improvements should...

As support for agriculture climbs up the policy agenda, the spotlight is increasingly focused on smallholder farmers. But one dimension of this is still being regularly overlooked – the role of women on smallholder farms. Markets for agricultural commodities are increasingly linked to the value...

Women’s contributions to supply chains can make a difference but needs the nurturing and support from both policy and practice to do so. Recommendations include: (1) support women's economic advancement; (2) promote gender equitable market solutions as smart business; (3) design equitable...

Looking at trends in the cocoa sector, it is expected 25% of the total cocoa production to be certified in 2015 and 50% in 2020. Mars, one of the largest global manufacturers of chocolate products clearly stated: “We do not certify poverty!" Ideally, certification standards will integrate...

This report is one of the studies produced under the project "Sustainable development in the 21st century" (SD21), an undertaking of the Division for Sustainable Development of the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs (UN DESA). The overarching objective of the SD21 project...

In this working document 10 key elements are listed to enhance the implementation of the Accra Agenda: Transparaceny; Compliance with applicable laws and regulations; Remuneration for quality cocoa, productivity and improved farmers’ income; Access to credit and rural development services, and...

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