To achieve a more sustainable world cocoa economy the industry needs to start taking more focused action as soon as possible. Data on the current situation needs to be collected, publicly reported, activities towards sustainability goals need to be developed and the resulting improvements should...
Total cocoa production has increased in absolute terms from 3.6 6 million metric tonnes in 200 7 - 2008 to 3.98 million metric tonnes in 20 11 - 2012 . Change in production has not been linear, however, and has fluctuated in various patterns among the different regions. Africa has been and is...
The experience of VECO (Vredeseilanden Country Offices) working in Sulawesi with Armajaro, a leading global cocoa supplier, illustrates how an international NGO can collaborate with the private sector to generate new opportunities and resources for farmers. Through this process VECO has adopted...
Anti-Slavery International has prepared this in-depth analysis of how cocoa is produced and how child and slave labour enter its chain of production. It relates the history of cocoa and explores how this commodity fits within a global market. It also explains the events following the ‘discovery...
In January 2012, during the affiliation process of Nestlé with the Fair Labor Association, FLA sent independent experts to Ivory Coast to attempt to map the cocoa supply chain of Nestlé. The assessment team visited a total of 7 suppliers, 20 co-ops and 2 co-op unions, and 87 farms. Both...
In January 2012, during the affiliation process of Nestlé with the Fair Labor Association, FLA sent independent experts to Ivory Coast to attempt to map the cocoa supply chain of Nestlé. The assessment team visited a total of 7 suppliers, 20 co-ops and 2 co-op unions, and 87 farms. Both...
In this report, Oxfam assesses the social and environmental impacts of the world’s ten largest food and beverage companies and calls on them to take the critical next steps to create a just food system. Today, a third of the world’s population relies on small-scale farming for their livelihoods...
An extract from the annual list of the top 100 global confectionery companies as published by Candy Industry is presented. The top ten global confectionery companies that manufacture some form of chocolate is listed, by net confectionery sales value in 2012: Mars Inc (USA), Mondeléz...
When Unilever and other large international companies decided in 2009 to choose Rainforest Alliance (RA) certification for some of their chocolate brands, the scheme had to radically extend its reach and scale up certification efforts in order to meet projected demand. Since more than half the...
This paper combines the GCC and Convention Theory frameworks to compare the value-chains for agro-commodities before and after the decade 1980-90. Crudely, this period was a watershed between producer-driven and buyer-driven forms of organization. Subsequently, two types of buyer-driven chain...