Cocoa farming (Theobroma cacao L.) was introduced in the State of Bahia, Brazil, in 1746 and was disseminated especially in its southeastern region. This research identified the main cocoa farming methods adopted in that region over time, highlighting its practices, aspects of their historical...
Transformation of agriculture is essential for sustainable growth and
national progress of developing countries. To be successful in achieving this
objective Extension worker, researchers, development practitioners, and
institutions involved in rural development have to play a...
This paper examines the current interest in addressing the problem of young people’s unemployment in Africa through agriculture. Using notions of transitions and mobilities we set out a transformative work and opportunity space framework that privileges difference and diversity among work...
The objectives of this study are firstly to formulate and to create strategic models of institutional strengthening of cocoa farmer association to increase their income in Pohuwato District of Gorontalo Province, Indonesia. Secondly, to provide a map of potential resources of cocoa plantations...
This technical note aims to describe the market incentives and disincentives for Cocoa in Ghana.
For this purpose, yearly averages of farm gate and wholesale prices are compared with reference prices calculated on the basis of the price of the commodity in the international market. The...
Few studies have examined the implementation and evolution development of a contract as a learning process for the actors involved. Individual farmers in São Tomé were obliged to organize themselves into a collective in response to a chocolate manufacturer’s innovative proposal of an organic...
Qualitative interviews with participants in the cocoa (Theobroma cacao) supply chain in Costa Rica and the United States were conducted and supplemented with an analysis of the marketing literature to examine the prospects of organic and Fairtrade certification for enhancing environmentally and...
The study revealed that there was gender discrimination against women in access to credit due to their inability to provide collateral security. It was also found that the major marketing problems faced by cocoa marketers included those of pricing, finance, transportation, activities of...
Based on a case study of Ghanaian cocoa farmers who attended farmer field schools (FFS), this paper explores the impact of the FFS methodology on farmers’ technical knowledge, experimentation, knowledge diffusion, group formation and social skills as a way of assessing whether the relatively...