Over the past decade Fair Trade (FT) has been praised as the miracle-cure to poverty globally, by securing a better deal for marginalised farmers and creating community development, while respecting the environment. In that sense, FT can seem to be in the scope of social entrepreneurship (SE) by...
Cocoa supplies may become limited in the future. Demands for sustainable cocoa sparked an exploration of the product chain organisation of conventional and certified cocoa from Ghana. The comparison shows that transparency requirements have led to a more complex product chain. Even so,...
This study conducted in the Island of Sulawesi, precisely in the province of West and South Sulawesi, Indonesia. The purposes is to (i), determine the development pattern of social innovation and in the government innovation in cocoa farming among ethnics of Javanese, Buginese and Mandar in the...
The rapid expansion of the production of agricultural commodities such as beef, cocoa, palm oil, rubber and soybean is associated with high rates of deforestation in tropical forest landscapes. Many state, civil society and market sector actors are engaged in developing and implementing...
This chapter investigates some of the current meanings attached to a particular commodity, cocoa, and the way in which it is constructed as ethical or unethical. The question of how different parties create, build and sustain the ethical qualities of a product is especially significant in...
This article has utilized some of the key concepts of convention theory to further our understanding of governance in global value chains. It has shown that the historical trend from hierarchical to tendentially looser forms of coordination between lead firms and their suppliers (or buyers), and...
This paper combines the GCC and Convention Theory frameworks to compare the value-chains for agro-commodities before and after the decade 1980-90. Crudely, this period was a watershed between producer-driven and buyer-driven forms of organization. Subsequently, two types of buyer-driven chain...
Intersectoral partnerships mirror the changing nature of the relationships among state, business and civil society organizations, and are often considered innovative mechanisms to overcome single actor failure in the context of globalization. This article analyses the capacity of partnerships to...
Cocoa production and trade has an ingloriously prominent position in Africa's Primary Commodity Dilemma. Adverse price movements for the raw beans as well as high barriers to entry in the markets for semi-processed and final products, along with a history of failed national and international...
This paper highlights a growing consensus among the key stakeholders involved in cocoa trade on principles underlying sustainable purchasing practices. Since the emergence of numerous initiatives that challenge conventional tropical commodity trading, sustainability in the sourcing and supply of...