In 1992 the leaders of the world came together at the first Rio Earth summit, historically acknowledging the imperative of a needs based approach to sustainable development. Although agenda 21 and the Rio Declaration made a call upon all citizens of the world to play a role in ensuring...
Using micro level data from Cameroon this paper applies the theories of intrahousehold bargaining to models in which farmers decide whether to take up cocoa marketing on their own or to rely on others. Depending on their decision, sharing rules are shaped within the household on who controls...
The problems related to agricultural child labour are particularly acute in sub-Saharan Africa, where nearly 30 per cent of all children under the age of 15 are thought to be working. International media attention at the beginning of the decade on the use of child labour in cocoa farming in West...
The problems related to agricultural child labour are particularly acute in sub-Saharan Africa, where nearly 30 per cent of all children under the age of 15 are thought to be working. International media attention at the beginning of the decade on the use of child labour in cocoa farming in West...
The problems related to agricultural child labour are particularly acute in sub-Saharan Africa, where nearly 30 per cent of all children under the age of 15 are thought to be working. International media attention at the beginning of the decade on the use of child labour in cocoa farming in West...
The problems related to agricultural child labour are particularly acute in sub-Saharan Africa, where nearly 30 per cent of all children under the age of 15 are thought to be working. International media attention at the beginning of the decade on the use of child labour in cocoa farming in West...
This baseline survey has gathered detailed data on conditions and challenges faced by a large sample of cocoa farmers. The goal of the survey was to measure economic and social indicators before the implementation of the key components of the CCP program to enable later comparisons with data...
A range of different public and private sector organisations have intervened to improve the production of cocoa and smallholder livelihoods in Indonesia. They have employed a variety of methods and approaches. While some successes are evident, cocoa smallholders continue to struggle with the...
To realize the gains of reducing gender equality, men and women farmers need access to information, skills and tools to improve yields. However, levels of contact between farmers and extension agents remain relatively low in general, and especially low among women (World Bank, 2010). The...
This study uses the case of cocoa in Ghana to analyse how governance in international cocoa chains - driven by a combination of concentration, sustainability standards and uncertainty in global sourcing - combines or contrasts with (i) interventions and regulations by the state at the national...