Access to land differs per country and even per region. There are different types of smallholders,landowners and farmers, for example farmers who are landless but can use cocoa land through caretaking arrangements. Access to land is particularly challenging for female farmers, young farmers and migrants.
This unequal land access results in unequal benefits from cocoa sales, which affect the level of on-farm investments, the distribution of knowledge and the way farmers deal with risks.