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This paper examines the revenue effects of certified organic contract farming and of use of organic farming methods in a tropical African context, using survey data from a medium-size cocoa-vanilla contract farming scheme in Uganda. These are compared with ‘organic by default’ conventional...
This document is one of three reports on the methods and results of a consultancy with the title “Predicting the impact of climate change on cocoa , cashew and cotton growing regions in Ghana and Cote d’Ivoire” conducted by the International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT) for the Bill...
Anti-Slavery International has prepared this in-depth analysis of how cocoa is produced and how child and slave labour enter its chain of production. It relates the history of cocoa and explores how this commodity fits within a global market. It also explains the events following the ‘discovery...
In January 2012, during the affiliation process of Nestlé with the Fair Labor Association, FLA sent independent experts to Ivory Coast to attempt to map the cocoa supply chain of Nestlé. The assessment team visited a total of 7 suppliers, 20 co-ops and 2 co-op unions, and 87 farms. Both...
This report analyses the position of women in the cocoa chain and the constraints they face. It is partly based on a field study conducted in Cote d’Ivoire. It also analyses the current policies of UTZ Certified and CSN/ Solidaridad with regard to gender issues. Practical examples of women’s...
In this report, Oxfam assesses the social and environmental impacts of the world’s ten largest food and beverage companies and calls on them to take the critical next steps to create a just food system. Today, a third of the world’s population relies on small-scale farming for their livelihoods...
An extract from the annual list of the top 100 global confectionery companies as published by Candy Industry is presented. The top ten global confectionery companies that manufacture some form of chocolate is listed, by net confectionery sales value in 2012: Mars Inc (USA), Mondeléz...
A study to determine the financial profitability of cocoa agroforests enriched with domesticated trees was carried out in 2009. The study site was the Cocoa Production Basin of Centre Cameroon. Rationale: One of the main tree-based systems in the West and Central Africa region is the cocoa...
When Unilever and other large international companies decided in 2009 to choose Rainforest Alliance (RA) certification for some of their chocolate brands, the scheme had to radically extend its reach and scale up certification efforts in order to meet projected demand. Since more than half the...
Oxfam’s Behind the Brands scorecard shows major gaps in the policies of the “Big 10” food and beverage companies when it comes to protecting and promoting women’s rights. Substantial evidence shows that women get a raw deal in food and beverage company supply chains and companies are failing to...
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