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This essay discusses: (1) the current agri-food firms’ need of interacting with multiple stakeholders to undertake sustainable strategies effectively; (2) the relationship between human capital and firm capabilities to effectively interact with multiple stakeholders; and (3) a list of...
This paper highlights a growing consensus among the key stakeholders involved in cocoa trade on principles underlying sustainable purchasing practices. Since the emergence of numerous initiatives that challenge conventional tropical commodity trading, sustainability in the sourcing and supply of...
Ecuador is one of the world’s leading providers of fine and aromatic cocoa, yet most of Ecuadorian small scale cocoa producers are poor. This is mostly considered to be caused by low agricultural output. This thesis examines a number of additional explanatory facts, with a focus on farm gate...
This study compares the approaches of Fair Trade (FT) and Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in the context of the cocoa industry. FT and CSR converge with respect to their market-based approach, their provision of private regulation in value chains, and their objective to offer a...
Within the last twenty years the link between market organization and development has come under increased scrutiny in response to the implementation of World Bank liberalization policies across many of sub-Saharan Africa’s agriculture markets. Under the neoliberal teachings of the Washington...
The pressure on the government and on its marketing institution to improve their efficiency (as measured by the share of the world price going to producers) rather than to seek full liberalization appears to have worked well in Ghana. Given the preponderance of smallholders in the sec- tor and...
In Nigeria, it has been documented that cocoa farmers devote most of their resources toward cocoa production at the detriment of food crop production because they derive more income from cocoa. There is, however, a dearth of information about the consequence of this practice on the food security...
With over $6 billion dollars in sales every year, the Hershey Company is one of the world’s largest producers of chocolate and candy products. Hershey’s products are sold in more than 70 countries and include Hershey’s Kisses and Hershey’s Milk Chocolate Bars as well as brands such as Reese’s,...
Structural adjustment in less developed countries has often mandated removal of state-run marketing boards to enhance efficiency in the marketing chain and to raise farm income. Concerns have been mounting about the negative side effects of cocoa market liberalization, including replacement of...
Liberalization of the cocoa market in West Africa, due to structural adjustment reforms, has resulted in the elimination of parastatal marketing boards and initiated the creation of new institutions to replace the marketing services of those agencies. Concerns have been raised as to the effects...
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